In this context, it is essential to know the prevalence of an illness or condition, ie, the number of people who have the condition at any moment. In 2004, 2.9% of the world’s population were severely disabled, and 12.4% were moderately long-term disabled. Nevertheless, attention should be focused not only on the diseases that cause death, but also the diseases or conditions that can cause a disability or loss of health. The rest were caused by communicable disease, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies (15.6 million deaths), and noncommunicable conditions (36.1 million deaths). In 2008, WHO estimated a total of 56.8 million deaths and only 5.1 million of them were caused by injuries. Telecommunications technology aside, it is clear that there is still a long way to go in defeating illness. Thus, there is great opportunity for mHealth in using these mobile devices and, in fact, a significant number of mHealth applications have been already developed for these platforms. Regarding tablets, International Data Corporation (IDC) conducted research on their shipments showing 70.9 million shipments of tablets worldwide in 2011 and an estimated 117.1 million and 165.9 million in 20 respectively. There are already more than 1.08 billion smartphones of a total of 5 billion mobile phones around the world, with 80% of the population having a mobile phone. Although PDAs experienced a boom in the 1990s and early 2000s, they have been replaced by smartphones and tablets with new functions and utilities, which are common now in developed countries. In this way, PDAs, tablets, and smartphones appeared on the market. While new wireless technologies were being developed, new mobile devices were being created. The Global Observatory for eHealth (GOe) of the World Health Organization (WHO) defines mHealth or mobile health as “medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices, such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other wireless devices”. In this context and thanks to these advances in communications, a new term arises: mHealth, a component of eHealth.
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The use of new wireless communications technology, such as mobile telecommunications networks (2.5G, 3G, 4G, HSPA+), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) including Bluetooth and ZigBee, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Radio-frequency Identification (RFID), and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), has greatly boosted telemedicine and eHealth. In addition to this, with the advent of wireless communications, there are no longer barriers of space and time between health care providers and patients.
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Chang Liu et al (2011) perceive eHealth applications as the software applications that provide tools, processes, and communications in order to support electronic health care practice. In the field of telehealth, eHealth has arisen as a paradigm involving the concepts of health, technology, and commerce, with commerce and technology as tools in the service of health. One of these aspects is health care Internet technologies have initiated major advances in telemedicine and telehealth, now present in every modern health care organization. Since the creation of the Internet, its massive use, especially in developed countries, has generated new forms of technology in almost every aspect of life. Assistive and monitoring apps are shown to be frequently used, whereas informative and educational apps are only occasionally used. The preferred type of data visualization is text followed by charts and pictures. Typically an Internet connection is not required, and most of the apps are aimed for the general public and for nonclinical use.
Several results are extracted from the in-depth analysis: most of the apps are designed for monitoring, assisting, or informing about the condition. Excluding OA from the former list, the four most prevalent conditions have fewer apps and research than the final four. However when ordered by the number of commercial apps found, the list is diabetes, depression, migraine, asthma, low vision, hearing loss, OA, and anemia. The conditions in descending order by the number of applications found in literature are diabetes, asthma, depression, hearing loss, low vision, OA, anemia, and migraine. Search queries up to April 2013 located 247 papers and more than 3673 apps related to the most prevalent conditions.
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